Renewable Resources Extension 
Hawai'i Forestry News 
Volume 1, Issue 1 Summer 1999

Welcome to the first edition of  HAWAII FORESTRY NEWS 
You are invited to use this newsletter to:
· Be informed about the scope of the CTAHR Forestry Extension Program
· Find out about upcoming workshops and educational opportunities for forestry in Hawaii. 
· Learn what forestry information is currently available from the Cooperative Extension Service in Hilo and Renewable Extension in Manoa. 
· Discover other sources of forestry material relevant to Hawaii but available elsewhere. 

To be placed on (or removed from) our mailing list, see end for subscription information. An electronic version of the newsletter will also be available.

A NOTE FROM OUR EXTENSION FORESTER 
The UH Manoa College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources Forestry Extension Program is a Year Old 

A year has passed since I started work as the first university extension forester in Hawaii. Despite my previous background of eight years of work in forestry and agroforestry here, I have been constantly surprised and delighted by how many people throughout the state are growing trees and managing their forests. 

I am brought back to earth, though, by frequent realizations of the enormous ecological problems we face in Hawaii. Just a few weeks ago I took my first ride through the "gorse barrens" of Mauna Kea, expansive areas choked out by a single invasive alien species. When I read articles on forestry from states having a well developed forest industry, I am reminded about how far we have to go. Today, though, it is exciting being involved at the onset of a new, sustainable forest industry and a reawakening of interest in conservation forestry, now called restoration ecology. I will continue to work with individual landowners and managers to get out the needed forestry information and link growers with research done at UH, by the US Forest Service, the Hawaii Agricultural Research Center, and other institutions. We are also developing a pro-active program of workshops and extension literature specifically for Hawaii. When I am not in the field I am reachable at the Cooperative Extension Service at the Komohana Agricultural Complex in Hilo. Please keep in touch. 

J. B. Friday 
Extension Specialist in Forestry

CURRENT FORESTRY AND AGROFORESTRY ACTIVITIES IN CTAHR

Native and Polynesian-Introduced Multicropping Demonstration 

Since 1995 on Moloka'i, Cooperative Extension Agents Kali Arce and Alton Arakaki have been working on an innovative project to investigate growing kamani (Calophyllum inophyllum), kou (Cordia subcordata), kukui (Aleurites moluccana) and milo (Thespesia populnea) along with cash crops. Alfalfa and two varieties of red and pink ginger flowers were successfully intercropped and are doing well in the sunny areas.

Other interplanting combinations with anthurium, mamake (Pipturus albidus), and kava ('ava, Piper methysticum) are underway. 

This project will also evaluate kukui for nut production and oil content. The other tree species will be evaluated for their wood qualities for crafting and building. 

The assessment of cash crops, such as kava (used throughout Polynesia for its pharmaceutical properties and commercially for herbal extracts) and mamake (used as a tea) may prove that crops of high value with potential marketability can be successfully multicropped with native trees. 

For more information about this native and polynesian-introduced tree demonstration, contact Kali Arce or Alton Arakaki, Cooperative Extension Service, PO Box 394, Hoolehua, HI 96729, Phone: (808) 567-6833. 

Herbicides for Weed Control Workshop 

Dr. Philip Motooka of UH CTAHR taught a workshop on weed control for dryland forestry in Kona last December. Several herbicides were tested for effectiveness on fountain grass. Fountain grass, an alien invasive species, poses a fire hazard in dryland Hawaii forests. 

Among herbicides which do not have residual effects and can be used in areas to be planted later:
· Roundup (glyphosate), when applied by a conventional sprayer, proved most effective in control of fountain grass. Even Roundup, however, was only moderately effective in controlling dry, woody grass. Effective control may require a combination of a mechanical control and herbicides. 
· For weed control in rights-of-way where residual activity is desired, Velpar (hexazinone) was the best performer. 

Dr. Motooka demonstrated drilling and injection of herbicides to control weedy tree species at a workshop at the Komohana Agricultural Complex in Hilo in April. Drilling holes in tree trunks with a gasoline-powered drill allows the application of more herbicide than spraying herbicide notches cut with a machete.

Herbicides used for injection or notch application included Roundup (glyphosate), Remedy (triclopyr), and DMA4 (dimethylamine salt of 2,4-D). 
· Holes were drilled every 12 inches around the circumference of the tree trunk, notches were cut every 4 inches. 
· Herbicides were used at 100% concentration and were injected at a rate of approximately 4-ml per hole for drilling treatments and 1 ml per notch for notching treatments. 
· Tree species treated by drilling or notching included Trema orientalis (gunpowder tree), Melochia umbellata (melochia), Schefflera actinophylla (octopus tree), Spathodea campanulata (African tulip tree). 
· After four weeks all gunpowder trees showed complete defoliation with all herbicides. All three herbicides also had visible effects on the other species treated, although defoliation was slower and less complete than on the gunpowder trees. 
· Defoliation was slower on trees that were notched with herbicides sprayed into the cuts. 
· Basal bark application of a ready to use solution of Pathfinder II (trichlopyr), streaking the bottom 12 inches of trunk, caused defoliation of Psidium cattleianum (strawberry guava), Schinus terebinthifolius (Christmas berry), and Filicium decipiens (fern tree) after six weeks. 

For more information on herbicide control for woody plants, contact Dr.
Philip Motooka, Cooperative Extension Service, PO Box 208, Kealakekua, HI 96750, Phone: (808) 322-4896. E-mail: pmotooka@hawaii.edu. 

TROPICAL FORESTRY INFORMATION available at our Hilo CES Office 

The World Bank recently published three extension bulletins for tropical forestry, which give both practical tips and good general principles in 6-8 pages. 
· Seed Collection provides information on why it is essential to collect good seed, how to select superior trees, and on seed handling and storage.
· Essentials of Good Planting Stock discusses what good planting stock is, nursery management practices, and the use of root trainers vs. plastic pots.
· Site Analysis and Outplanting provides information as to how soil and micro-sites affect tree survival and growth and how these can be assessed in the field. 

These bulletins are out of print now but copies are available from the Hilo CES Office.

The American Pulpwood Association has published two brochures for forest landowners. 
· Tips to Consider When Selling Your Timber gives points to consider when planning a timber sale, writing a management plan, and what should be in a timber sale contract. 
· How to Choose a Quality Logger. Although Hawaii does not yet have a program for continuing education for loggers, this brochure gives landowners useful guidelines on selecting a logger.

A few spiral bound copies of Little and Skolmen's Common Forest Trees of
Hawaii (USDA Forest Service Agricultural Handbook No. 679, 1989) are still available for distribution. As most foresters, woodworkers, and tree growers in Hawaii know, Little and Skolmen is the definitive guide to trees in Hawaii. The authors provide one-page descriptions, line drawings, and summaries of the ecology and management for the most common 150 trees of Hawaii, native and introduced. Introductory chapters also cover forest ecology and forestry in Hawaii. 

The USDA Forest Service International Institute for Tropical Forestry in Puerto Rico has an excellent series of leaflets on tropical trees. Information summarized in these 4-18 page leaflets includes habitat, native and introduced ranges, climate, soils and topography, associated forest cover, life history, flowering and fruiting, seed production and dissemination, seedling development, vegetative reproduction, growth and yield, rooting habit, reaction to competition, damaging agents, special uses, and genetics, plus literature cited. Many are native forest trees of Puerto Rico and are not found widely outside the Caribbean, but others are pantropical. 

A WARNING: Some of the species listed (marked with an asterisk*), such as Fraxinus uhdei (tropical ash), Paraserianthes falcataria (albizia), and Spathodea campanulata (African tuliptree), are problem weeds in Hawaii. 

Following is the list of leaflets by species. Where appropriate, common names for Hawaii have been added. The number following the species name is the publication number for the USDA Forest Service (add the prefix SO-ITF-SM- to each number). For example: Acacia auriculiformis, northern black wattle would be: SO-ITF-SM­86. 

SPECIES LIST 

Acacia auriculiformis, northern black wattle 86 
Acacia farnesiana, aroma 49 
Acrocomia media, prickly palm, corozo 68 
Agathis robusta, Queensland kauri 10 
Albizia lebbek, siris 7 
Albizia procera, white siris 6 
Alchornea latifolia, achiotillo 60 
Andira inermis, cabbage angelin 20 
Anthocephalus chinensis, kadam 1 
Araucaria heterophylla, Norfolk Island pine 11 
Artocarpus altilis, breadfruit 71 
Avicennia germinans, black mangrove 4 
Azadirachta indica, neem 70 
Bucida buceras, ucar 18 
Bursera simaruba, gumbo limbo, almacigo 35 
Byrsonima spicata, maricao, golden spoon 36 
Casuarina equisetifolia, short leaf or horsetail ironwood 56 
Catalpa longissima, yokewood 37 
Ceiba pentandra, kapok, silk cotton tree 29 
Citharexylum fruiticosum, fiddlewood 34 
Clusia rosea, autograph tree 39 
Coccoloba uvifera, sea grape 74 
Cocos nucifera, coconut 57 
Cordia sulcata, white manjack, moral 77 
Cupania americana, guara, candlewood 44 
Cyrilla racemiflora, swamp cyrilla, leatherwood 78 
Dalbergia sissoo, Indian rosewood 24 
Enterolobium cyclocarpum, ape's earpod, guanacaste 15 
Eucalyptus deglupta, rainbow gum,
Mindanao gum, kamarere, bagras 16 
Ficus citrifolia, jaguey blanco, shortleaf fig 75 
*Fraxinus uhdei, tropical ash, fresno 28 
Genipa americana, jagua 58 
Gliricidia sepium, mother of cocoa, madre de cacao, kakawate 50 
Guaiacum officinale, lignum vitae 67
Guarea guidonia, American muskwood 17 
Guazuma ulmifolia, Guacima 47 
Hernandia sonora, mago, toporite 13
Hibiscus elatus, mahoe 14 
Hura crepitans, sandbox, molinillo 38 
Hyeronima clusioides, cedro macho 45 
Hymenaea courbaril, algarrobo, locust 27 
Inga fagifolia, guama, Spanish oak 72 
Inga vera, guaba 39 
Juglans jamaicensis, West Indian walnut 73 
Khaya nyasica, East African mahogany 9 
Khaya senegalensis, West African mahogany, dry zone mahogany 5 
Laguncularia racemosa, white mangrove 3 
Leucaena leucocephala, koa haole, ipil-ipil 52 
Maesopsis eminii, musizi 8 
Mammea americana, mamee apple 22 
Mangifera indica, mango 63 
Magnolia splendens, magnolia 80 
Melicoccus bijugatus, genip, quenepa 48 
Moringa oleifera, horseradish tree, marungay 61 
Ochroma pyramidale, balsa 41 
Ormosia krugii, palo de matos 83 
*Paraserianthes falcataria, albizia, moluccan sau 31 
Petitia domingensis, capa blanco 66 
Pinus caribaea, Caribbean pine 53 
Pinus palata, Mexican weeping pine 54 
Pithecellobium dulce, opiuma, Manila tamarind, kamachile 40 
Pouteria multiflora, jacana, bully tree 62 
Prestoya montana, sierra palm 62 
Prunus occidentalis, almendron 79 
Pterocarpus officinalis, bloodwood 87 
Pterocarpus macrocarpus, Burma padauk, 19 
Rhizophora mangle, red mangrove 2 
Roystonea borinquena, Puerto Rican royal palm 55 
Senna siamea, pheasantwood, Thailand cassia 33 
Sloanea berteriana, motillo 84 
*Spathodea campanulata, African tulip tree 32 
Spondias mombin, hogplum 51 
Swietenia macrophylla, Honduran mahogany 81 
Swietenia mahagoni, West Indies mahogany 46 
Syzygium jambos, rose apple, ohia loke 26 
Tabebuia donnell-smithii, primavera, goldtree 25 
Tamarindus indica, tamarind 30 
Tectona grandis, teak 64 
Terminalia catappa, false kamani, Indian almond 23 
Terminalia ivorensis, idigbo 12 
Thespesia grandiflora, maga 21 
Thespesia populnea, milo 76 
Zanthoxylum flavum, aceitillo, yellow-sanders 85 
Zanthoxylum martincense, espino rubial 42 

* WARNING! Potentially a weed species under Hawaii conditions! 

(NOTE Add the prefix SO-ITF-SM-xx to each number.) Please limit requests to species you are interested in. For a complete set, contact: International Institute for Tropical Forestry Publications USDA Forest Service PO Box 25000 Rio Piedras,Puerto Rico 00928-5000. 

UPCOMING EVENTS 

Tree improvement and Seed Technology Forestry Workshop 
July 9th and 10th, 1999 

The Hawaii Agriculture Research Center and the UH College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources will be holding a workshop on tree improvement and seed technology for forestry. The workshop will be taught by Mr. Nicklos Dudley, Forester, HARC, and Dr. J. B. Friday, Forestry Extension Specialist, CTAHR, with financial support from the Hawaii Forestry and Communities Initiative and the Hawaii State Department of Labor and Industrial Relations. 

Topics will include:
· The science of tree improvement 
· Examples of successful programs in Hawaii with koa and eucalyptus species 
· Tree seed collection and handling, and 
· Availability of tree seed for forestry projects. 

The workshop will include evening classroom sessions at the Komohana Agricultural Complex in Hilo on Friday July 9th from 6 to 8 pm and an all day field trip on Saturday June 10th from 8 am to 4 pm. We will be visiting provenance trials for koa and eucalyptus species. 

Workshop size is limited to 25. Register with J. B. Friday. A registration fee of $10.00 will cover transportation from Hilo to field sites and a box lunch. 

This newsletter is published by the Hawaii Renewable Resources Extension Program. To subscribe, call, email, or write to us at: 

Renewable Resources Extension 
CTAHR/ University of Hawaii 
Dept. of Agronomy and Soil Science 
1910 East-West Rd. 
Honolulu, HI 96822 
Tel. (808) 956-7530 
Fax (808) 956-6539 

In Hilo, contact: 
J. B. Friday 
Extension Specialist in Forestry 
CTAHR/ University of Hawaii 
Cooperative Extension Service 
875 Komohana St. 
Hilo, HI 96720 
Tel. (808) 9599155 Fax (808) 9593101 
email jbfriday@hawaii.edu 
http://agrss.sherman.hawaii.edu/staff/friday.html 

Forestry extension at the University of Hawaii is supported by the USDA Renewable Resources Extension Act program (RREA), the Hawaii Forestry and Communities Initiative (HFCI), and a grant from the Fund for Rural America (FRA) Program, USDA. Passed by Congress in 1978 and administered by the USDA, RREA provides grants to states to disseminate information to the public on forestry, rangeland, and other natural resource issues. The goals of Renewable Resources Extension include development of a stewardship ethic, an appreciation of biodiversity, and a knowledge base that will sustain natural resources. RRE works through existing extension programs to incorporate key natural resource concepts. 

Samir A. El-Swaify, RRE Coordinator 
JB Friday, Extension Specialist in Forestry 
Advisory Committee: Bill Cowern, Nick Dudley, Lisa Ferentinos, Charlotte Nakamura, Mike Robinson. 

Mention of a trademark, company, or proprietary name does not constitute an endorsement, guarantee, or warranty by the University of Hawaii Cooperative Extension Service or its employees and does not imply recommendation to the exclusion of other suitable products or companies. Caution: Pesticide use is governed by state and federal regulations. Read the pesticide label to ensure that the intended use is included on it, andfollow label directions. 

COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE
UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA 
COLLEGE OF TROPICAL AGRICULTURE AND HUMAN RESOURCES 
3050 MAILE WAY, HONOLULU, HAWAII 96822 

The UH-CTAHR Cooperative Extension Service and the U.S. Department ofAgriculture cooperate in presenting to the people of Hawaii programs and services without regard to race, sex, age, religion, color, national origin, ancestry, disability, marital status, arrest and court record, sexual orientation, or veteran status. The University is an equal opportunity, affirmative action institution.

Return to hawaii Forestry and natural resources Homepage

Page last updated: 10 May 2001