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References to scientific articles on Puccinia rust in Hawaii and elsewhere, many available on-line. May 2007


A database of worldwide hosts of Puccinia rust, including new records from Hawaii, November 2006

The database, by Rob Anderson of the USGS BRD PIERC, is available as an MS Excel spreadsheet.

Algal leaf spot mimics rust, October 2006

A common algal leaf spot is similar in appearance to the Puccinia rust. The algal leaf spots are on the upper surfaces of the leaves only and the colony has a green border with red spores in the center. The algae is presumably Cephaleuros virescens.


Rust on native species, August 2006

The rust has been observed defoliating the native species Eugenia koolauensis in Kahuku, Oahu , infecting downy rosemyrtle, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, on Kauai, and infecting brush cherry, Eugenia paniculatum, on the Big Island.

Rust on rose apple, February 21, 2006

The rust has caused severe dieback on rose apple, Syzygium jambos, on Oahu.

Rust update, December 2005

The State of Hawaii Department of Agriculture has issued an updated Pest Advisory on the rust disease on ohia.

Rust update, November 30, 2005

Rust has been found on all major islands. Infections have occurred on rose apple and paper bark in the Hilo area.

Rust update, July 27, 2005

Similar-looking rusts have been reported on Eugenia koolauensis and E. reinwardtiana, and common guava, Psidium guajava, all an Oahu. The Hawaii Department of Agriculture has tentatively identified the rust as Puccinia psidii, a serious pest of Eucalyptus and other genera in the family Myrtaceae. A new pest advisory has been released by the state Department of Agriculture and growers are asked to refrain from transporting any ohia, guava, eucalyptus, or other plants in the family Myrtaceae between islands. Growers finding rust symptoms on ohia, guava, eucalyptus, rose apple, or Eugenia, ar asked to call the state Department of Agriculture at 808-973-9546. For more information, see the Florida pest alert on Puccinia psidii and an article on the danger of Puccina psidii reaching Australia, the home of Eucalyptus.

Rust update, May 20, 2005

The rust has been found on natural populations of ohia on Oahu. A similar-appearing rust has also been found on rose apple, Syzygium jambos.

A new rust occuring on ohia, Metrosideros polymorpha

An unidentified rust has been found on nursery seedlings of ohia, Metrosideros polymorpha. This could be a new disease to Hawaii's most common forest tree. If you are a grower and have plants showing these symptoms, you are encouraged to bring in samples to any UH Cooperative Extension Service office or the Komohana Agriculture Complex in Hilo for submission to the Agricultural Diagnostics Service Center (ADSC).

References to scientific articles on Puccinia rust in Hawaii and elsewhere, many available on-line. May 2007

Coutinho, TA, MJ Wingfield, AC Alfenas, and PW Crous. 1998. Eucalyptus rust: a disease with the potential for serious international implications. ( 1.3 MB) Plant Disease 82: 19-825.

Glen, M, AC Alfenas, EAV Zauza, MJ Wingfield, and C Mohammed. 2007. Puccinia psidii: a threat to the Australian environment and economy – a review. Australasian Plant Pathology 36(1) 1–16. Abstract only. “The pathogen has recently expanded its geographical range to Hawaii, increasing concerns about the potential for an incursion in Australia. This paper reviews the taxonomy, biology, impact and options for control of P. psidii. It also discusses the probable impact if an incursion were to occur in Australia and the preparations that must be made to mitigate adverse consequences.”

Grgurinovic, CA, D Walsh, and F Macbeth. 2006. Eucalyptus rust caused by Puccinia psidii and the threat it poses to Australia. EPPO Bulletin 36: 486–489. “Puccinia psidii, which causes the disease Eucalyptus rust, poses a threat to biodiversity in Australia and the Eucalyptus forest industry worldwide. It is native to South America and Central America and has spread to North America (Mexico, USA – Florida). In mid-2005, the rust was reported in Hawaii, USA, which means it is now present in the Pacific region.”

Haines, R, J Simpson, and M Cole. November 2006. Developing an Australian Guava Rust Strategy "… ACIAR has supported some pioneering work on guava rust. This seminar will present the rationale for and scope of this work, and then go on to discuss the risk that guava rust poses for Australia, and the interest of State and federal biosecurity and agricultural authorities in participation in a regional approach to the threat.”

La Rosa, AM and R Hauff. 2006. Incidence and Evaluation of a New Rust Disease on Myrtaceae in Hawaii: Puccinia psidii Winter, Guava Rust. ( poster) USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry and Hawaii State Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife.

Simpson, JA, K Thomas and CA Grgurinovic. 2006. Uredinales species pathogenic on species of Myrtaceae. Abstract only Australasian Plant Pathology 35: 546-562.
Guava rust, Puccinia psidii, is now known to occur on species in both subfamilies of Myrtaceae, including one of two tribes of the subfamily Psiloxyloideae and seven of the 15 tribes of subfamily Myrtoideae, a total of 20 genera and 71 species. Susceptibility to Puccinia psidii seems to be low among species of Myrtaceae from the Americas but more common among taxa from Asia, Australia and the Pacific.”

Uchida, J, S Zhong, and E Killgore. 2006. First Report of a Rust Disease on Ohia Caused by Puccinia psidii in Hawaii. Plant Disease 90: 524.








Rust on paperbark


Rust on paperbark

Rust on rose apple


Rust on rose apple

Dieback of rose apple on Oahu
Canopy dieback of rose apple on Oahu

Rust on Eugenia koolauensis


Rust on Eugenia koolauensis
Rust on Eugenia koolauensis
Rust on Eugenia koolauensis

Rust on downy rosemyrtle


Rust on downy rosemyrtle

Puccina rust on Eugenia paniculatum

Click for larger image


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Last updated on 12/5/2007
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